Category Archives: Environment

Water Desalination

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Water is needed big time and, as you know, water is a big problem for many people, so why not use water desalination and the planet’s abundant sea water? I am sure you have been told not to waste water by your parents and teachers. Women and children in many places have to spend a lot of their day going for water. We can’t imagine their life here. Agriculture is suffers because of a lack of water. Also with climate change water patterns are altering and people have to move away from their home land because of drought.
This student is asking a question to Bill Nye in the video below about desalination. Bill Nye is a great scientist and is insisting that people in all walks of life should try to become better skeptics, ask questions, wonder about how things work, why things happen. Desalination is the taking out of the salt in sea water. Sea water is in great quantity but fresh water (without salt) is way less abundant. Please watch and subscribe to this youtube channel if you are interested in hearing more from this amazing man.

MIT students explain in this video the new technology using graphene Bill Nye talks about:

And here, Veritaserum Physics teacher explains how to make graphene. Very easy to understand and it makes water desalination closer to our reality.

Currently, here is what California is doing and it will give you an idea of what is happening here in a Western Country.

And here is a complementary explanation of the Californian Effort.

Where do we get exposed to radioactivity?

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I was watching this video by Veritaserum and started sharing it since it sounded so crazily interesting. Was the conclusion true? – I’m 60 and I didn’t know this?

So I looked up the assertions about cigarette smoking, and what we need to know is that the radiation hits hot spots in the bronchi of the smoker, not his or her whole body as an astronaut would get; however, the radiation is very high in these hot spots. But where does this radioactivity come from? How does tobacco get radioactive but not – say potatoes or barley?

The United States Environmental Agency writes:
“The tobacco leaves used in making cigarettes contain radioactive material, particularly lead-210 and polonium-210. The radionuclide content of tobacco leaves depends heavily on soil conditions and fertilizer use.

Soils that contain elevated radium lead to high radon gas emanations rising into the growing tobacco crop. Radon rapidly decays into a series of solid, highly radioactive metals (radon decay products). These metals cling to dust particles which in turn are collected by the sticky tobacco leaves. The sticky compound that seeps from the trichomes is not water soluble, so the particles do not wash off in the rain. There they stay, through curing process, cutting, and manufacture into cigarettes.Lead-210 and Polonium-210 can be absorbed into tobacco leaves directly from the soil. But more importantly, fine, sticky hairs (called trichomes) on both sides of tobacco leaves grab airborne radioactive particles.

For example, phosphate fertilizers, favored by the tobacco industry, contain radium and its decay products (including lead-210 and polonium-210). When phosphate fertilizer is spread on tobacco fields year after year, the concentration of lead-210 and polonium-210 in the soil rises.”

And here is a prof from UCLA talking about his team’s research in 2011 …